WARDA Phase 2: A Mixed-Methods Evaluation of a Co-Designed Reproductive Health Program for CALD Muslim Women in Australia — The Association Specialists

WARDA Phase 2: A Mixed-Methods Evaluation of a Co-Designed Reproductive Health Program for CALD Muslim Women in Australia (23864)

Sadia Hossain 1 , Sooaad Dahoud 1 , Rakime Elmir 2 , Freya MacMillan 2 , Ishrat Haque 1 , Fatema Fahed 2 , Sarah Lewis 2
  1. Discipline of Public Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Western Sydney University, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
  2. Faculty of Health, Western Sydney University, Western Sydney University, Prestons, NSW, Australia

Background Muslim women in Australia are more likely to be CALD and experience unique reproductive health inequities shaped by intersecting social and structural determinants. Phase 1 of the Women’s Awareness in ReproDuctive ‘Aafiya (WARDA) utilised Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR) to co-design resources. Phase 2 aimed pilot delivery of the resources to evaluate the program’s acceptability and perceived benefit.

Methods The delivery and evaluation workshops were conducted across community settings in Australia (October 2025–ongoing). Women aged 18–45 years were recruited through community networks. Workshops were delivered in settings accessible to women and facilitated by Muslim women. Pre/post surveys assessed empowerment, confidence in accessing health services, perceived usefulness, and behavioural intentions using 5-point Likert scales. Open-ended responses were analysed thematically.

Results Six workshops engaged 87 women (mean age 32.7, SD 8.5) from 17 countries and 14 language groups; 65% spoke a language other than English at home, there were both recent migrants and long-term residents (mean 19.5 years in Australia; range <1 year to lifelong). Preliminary quantitative analysis showed consistent improvements, self-reported empowerment increased from 50% pre-workshop to 70% post-workshop, and confidence in accessing services rose from 45% to 65%. Acceptability was high, with 90% rating workshops as very/extremely useful and 95% willing to recommend the program to others.

Qualitative findings converged with survey data, indicating that "behavioural readiness" was driven by the de-stigmatisation of taboo topics and the provision of culturally grounded, safe spaces. Participants identified individual-level shifts (e.g., committing to access service, dietary adjustments) and interpersonal changes (e.g., partner communication), while emphasising the need to expand the program to men and other age groups of women for sustained community-level impact.

Conclusion WARDA demonstrates strong acceptability and early effectiveness as a culturally responsive, community-led intervention, supporting both individual empowerment and broader shifts in reproductive health narratives within diverse Muslim communities.

  1. Hossain S, MacMillan F, Lewis S, et al. Women’s Awareness in ReproDuctive ‘Aafiya (WARDA): a community-based participatory research protocol for co-designing and evaluating reproductive health resources for Muslim women in Australia. BMJ Open 2025;15:e105993. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2025-105993